The DelRe Protocols » low level laser therapy

Blue Light for Wound Healing Works as well as Red Light

admin — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 14:11:49 +0000

LED works like low level laser therapy in some ways.

A new review of a research study has arrived which shows that LEDs can have a powerful effect on healing wounds. Although we are not talking about coherent light, the light does have positive effects. What does it take for plain old red or blue light to have this effect? The answer is that they are using monochromatic wavelengths. Say what? Well, it just means that the light is very pure, and sticks primarily to one defined color. For whatever reasons, this stimulates living tissues.

LLLT vs. LED

It may just be that those two Russian scientists, (I can’t remember their names right now,) had it right when they explained that the reason that tissues respond to coherent light so strongly is that those cells have never, in all of evolution, “seen” coherent light, so they react.

The same may be true regarding non-coherent, monochromatic light.

The nice thing about LED therapy is that it can be used for much, much longer periods of treatment time, and thus have differing effects in the long run. Diabetic people can use this method quite safely to treat their diabetic neuropathy.

http://www.injuryjournal.com/article/S0020-1383%2810%2900215-9/abstract

Low Level Laser Therapy: Chronic Diabetic Wounds

admin — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 16:38:06 +0000

Low Level Laser Therapy: Chronic Diabetic Wounds

Irradiation at 636 nm Positively Affects Diabetic Wounded and Hypoxic Cells in Vitro

Low level laser therapy has long been known for helping diabetics with a number of problems they may have. LLLT is proven, yet ignored, by the medical machine that robs seventeen percent of our GDP.

“Conclusions: Phototherapy resulted in hastened wound closure, increased proliferation, and normalization of cellular function. The decrease in the different pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB translocation was model and time dependent. Overall, laser irradiation resulted in a reduction in inflammatory cytokines and directed cells into the cell survival pathway.”

You can read the rest of this outstanding study abstract at:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21332376

New Low Level Laser Therapy Book

admin — Sun, 18 Jul 2010 02:19:38 +0000

A great new low level laser therapy book has just been published. It is co-authored by two men who produced the first complete laser therapy book for doctors and clinicians over a decade ago.

The title of the new book is: “The New Laser Therapy Handbook“. The authors are Drs. Jan Tunér and Lars Hode. These fellows have been leaders in the the international advancement of this amazing bio-stimulating technology for over a decade.

http://www.prima-books.com/NewLaserTherapyHandbook.php

The New Laser Therapy Handbook

LLLT = Low Level Laser Therapy

admin — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 03:48:45 +0000

LLLT = Low Level Laser Therapy

Let’s review:

LLLT has been demonstrated to be both safe and effective in cases where biostimulation is deemed helpful. Biostimulation is the stimulation of biological elements and systems. I focus on chronic conditions, as opposed to acute conditions. I have very little experience with acute conditions, because my early personal experiences increased scar tissue deposition, and I only use LLLT for scratches and cuts, but not for anything worse. The same goes for strains and sprains; I do not use LLLT for new strains or sprains. This is because of the risk of too much scar tissue deposition. I know the research shows that it is helpful for such, but it should be done by a sports-related healthcare provider who has experience and training in the use of LLLT on acute conditions.

I don’t usually see those kinds of cases. Regarding the spine, I generally stay away from the spine with LLLT because of the relatively small risk of an aggravation of osteoarthritis. I know that the research says otherwise, but I find that OA generally becomes aggravated when illuminated with LLLT. I must say that I don’t have the best and latest equipment.

Soft tissues are much easier to illuminate with no negatives and reliable positives. Since I am a chiropractor, I am limited to using treatments such as the one below on only myself. It is interesting to me, because I have already treated myself in the past for the same problem.

This is a synopsis of a Russian research paper which demonstrated that LLLT and famitodine was a good combination for treatment of Primary chronic gastroduodenitis (PCG):

[Laser therapy and famotidine in complex restorative treatment of primary chronic gastroduodenitis]

Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)…How Much Is Enough? Too Much?

admin — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 21:10:08 +0000

Low Level Laser Therapy

LLLT

Researchers who are involved in low level laser therapy are producing more knowledgeable information. What I mean is that they have learned from past research, and are coming up with more knowledgeable questions, and more detailed answers. The early researchers weren’t exactly sure about dosages and protocols, and we still aren’t sure today. We are, still, narrowing it down, bit by bit.

One of the classic cells that can be counted on to respond to LLLT is the fibroblast. Fibroblasts are cells that lay down a microscopic framework of a thin web, if you will, of tough tissue. They also vary, and produce other types of tissues as well. They are called into action when there has been injury and cell destruction. They are called into action with repetitive stress.

The researchers of this study chose injured fibroblasts to work on, and used a red (HeNe) (632.8 nm) laser for two consecutive days. The cells received 2.5, 5,, and 16 J/cm2, in three different groups. Three treatments at 2.5 J/cm2 or 1 treatment at 5 J/cm2 produced significant cell multiplication and movement. 16 J/cm2 inhibited the same functions, as well as decreasing ATP production. This is interesting because one of the things LLLT is known for is that it typically increases ATP production.

I feel that 1-2 J/cm² (10-20 seconds) is a good range to use for a 100 mW therapeutic laser. With small 5 mW lasers, it is different. Because of the high time of illumination factor, we can see results with as little as 0.3-1.0 J/cm2. A 5 mW laser pointer moved against the skin, covering 1 square centimeter, will put out up to 0.3 J/cm2 every 60 seconds.

Effect of Multiple Exposures of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Cellular Responses of Wounded Human Skin Fibroblasts
Denise Hawkins, Heidi Abrahamse. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. December 2006, 24(6): 705-714. doi:10.1089/pho.2006.24.705.

Harvard Study moves LLLT forward

admin — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 03:18:34 +0000

Harvard and LLLT

From Harvard comes a nice synopsis of low level laser therapy, (LLLT.) It is interesting to see the graphs which show how the response of tissues to LLLT continue to vary according to how long and how powerful of a dose is given. As with drugs and other treatments, there is a point of diminishing return, and the positive tissue response actually decreases with dosages above a threshold.

There is a lot of variety of dosages covered, giving pause to all who use LLLT in their offices.

I was gratified to see that the low dosages I recommend in my book “Rejuvenation” were backed up in parts of this research paper:

Abstract:

http://dose-response.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2203/dose-response.09-027.Hamblin

Full Version:

http://dose-response.metapress.com/media/253xqnrglgcw5bm4ek0j/contributions/a/4/3/6/a436330255602073.pdf

Diabetic Neuropathy No More

admin — Sun, 30 Aug 2009 02:26:39 +0000

No more diabetic neuropathy? Well, if all cases were treated with coherent light early enough, that statement may become a reality. No more diabetic amputations? Why not? It is being done all over the world, but in isolated areas. There is a physical therapy clinic in West Virginia that has a steady stream of patients sent by doctors who have been educated about this way of treating diabetic patients.

With over three decades of research and thousands of published research papers, (with the numbers growing exponentially,) coherent light therapy, (also known as low level laser therapy, low intensity laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, LLLT, LILT, and cold laser therapy) has been shown to be safe and effective when properly used.

While there are some research papers which do not come up with significant results, this always seems to happen, no matter whether a method is useful or not. I say it is safe to try for yourself, if you follow some direction. Then you can decide for yourself, while the scientists debate. There is little debate about safety, because it has largely been proven over the past 30 years.

The laser book titled “Rejuvenation” covers over 40 common ailments and diseases, and shows an ordinary person how to use a common red laser pointer, the kind kids buy, to treat many conditions at home, from diabetic numb feet to tooth and gum complaints.

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Comparison between Wound Healing in Induced Diabetic and Non diabetic Rats after Low-Level Laser Therapy Aug 2006, Vol. 24, No. 4: 474-479 Sylvia Bicalho Rabelo , D.D.S., M.S.D. Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraiba

Systemic Eﬀects of Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation on Skin Micro circulation in Patients with Diabetic Microangiopathy. Andreas Schindl, Georg Heinze, Martin Schindl, Heidemarie Pernerstorfer-Schönd and Liesbeth Schindl. Microvascular Research Volume 64, Issue 2, September 2002, Pages 240-246

Eﬀects of near-infrared low-level laser irradiation on micro circulation. Yasuyo Maegawa, MD, Toshiyuki Itoh, MD, PhD, Toyoshi Hosokawa, MD, PhD, Kazuhiro Yaegashi, MD, PhD, Mayumi Nishi, MD, PhD. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Volume 27 Issue 5, Pages 427 – 437

Symptomatic Reversal of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes. Alan B. Kochman, Dale H. Carnegie, and Thomas J. Burke. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association Volume 92 Number 3 125-130 2002

Nerve Regeneration

admin — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 02:28:43 +0000

Low level laser therapy and nerve regeneration

There is a very nice article which puts together a number of studies which together clearly show that low level laser therapy can help with nerve regeneration and muscle preservation in nerve injury, including complete transection:

http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/pho.2009.9955

What is a Trigger Point?

admin — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:08:44 +0000

Trigger Points

What’s a Trigger Point?

A trigger point is a tiny bit of muscle tissue that has died and is rotting, (in easy to understand terms.) Because it is irritating to the surrounding muscle cells, they spasm locally, and keep the gunk trapped there. It died for the same reason part of the heart dies in a heart attack: lack of oxygen. It suffocated.

An interesting sign of a “full-blown” trigger point is that not only does it hurt a lot when pressing a finger into it, it also sends pain to seemingly unrelated parts of the body. A great example of this is with a trigger point in the infraspinatus muscle. Say what? Well, it is the muscle that coats the bottom 70% of your “wing-bone”, your scapula. The scapula is a reliable place to find trigger points. It makes sense…it can’t really contract very well because it is “glued” to that bony plate we call the scapula. So the circulation there is bad, to begin with. A perfect breeding ground for trigger points.

If you “squish” a trigger point in the infraspinatus muscle, you will often cause pain radiation up into the shoulder, or down the arm. The thing is, there are no nerves connecting these areas, and so there never was an answer until recently. Some folks speculate that these unrelated tissues are indeed related from embryonic times. As the tissues separated to form the body, they still carry some connection, so that a person will feel pain that seems to refer far away from the trigger point.

Low level laser therapy, (photodynamic therapy,) has a remarkable effect on trigger points, however, I believe they still need to be deeply massaged at least once, to help clear out the dead cells, and the irrititating chemicals they catabolize, (degrade, breakdown,) into.

Low Level Laser Therapy with Trigger Points Technique: A Clinical Study on 243 Patients

ZLATKO SIMUNOVIC. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery. AUGUST 1996, 14(4): 163-167. doi:10.1089/clm.1996.14.163.

Have You Ever Broken a Bone?

admin — Sat, 04 Apr 2009 16:32:44 +0000

Low Level Laser Therapy:

…Increased osteogenesis. (Increased bone formation in fractures, healing, etc. )82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92

82 Effects Of Pulse Frequency Of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) On Bone Nodule Formation In Rat Calvarial Cells Ueda Y, Shimizu N. Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba, Japan. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2003 Oct;21(5):271-7.

83 Effect Of 830-Nm Laser Light On The Repair Of Bone Defects Grafted With Inorganic Bovine Bone And Decalcified Cortical Osseous Membrane. Barbos Pinheiro AL, Limeira Junior Fde A, Marquez Gerbi ME, Pedreira Ramalho LM, Marzola C, Carneiro Ponzi EA, Oliveira Soares A, Bandeira De Carvalho LC, Vieira Lima HC, Oliveira Goncalves T. Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. J Clin Laser Med Surg.

84 Low-Power Laser Irradiation Improves Histomorphometrical Parameters and Bone Matrix Organization During Tibia Wound Healing In Rats Garavello-Freitas I, Baranauskas V, Joazeiro PP, Padovani CR, Dal Pai-Silva M, da Cruz-Hofling MA. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2003 May-Jun;70(2):81-9.

85 Bone Repair Of The Periapical Lesions Treated Or Not With Low Intensity Laser (Wavelenght=904 nm) Laser Surg Med. Issue 2002. Sousa G R, Ribeiro M S, Groth E B. 2003 Dec;21(6):383-8.

86 Computerized Morphometric Assessment Of The Effect Of Low-Level Laser Therapy On Bone Repair: An Experimental Animal Study Silva Júnior AN, Pinheiro AL, Oliveira MG, Weismann R, Ramalho LM, Nicolau RA. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2002; 20: 83-87

87 Laser Therapy Plays A Role In Bone Healing Lasers Surg Med. 1998; 22: 97-102. Luger et al. studied the effect of HeNe laser on the healing of tibial bone fractures in rats.

88 Effect Of Low-Power Gaalas Laser (660 Nm) On Bone Structure And Cell Activity: An Experimental Animal Study Nicola RA, Jorgetti V, Rigau J, Pacheco MT, dos Reis LM, Zangaro RA. Lasers Med Sci. 2003;18(2):89-94.

89 Photoengineering of Bone Repair Processes Apr 2006, Vol. 24, No. 2: 169-178, Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Dr. Antonio Luiz B. Pinheiro, D.D.S., Ph.D. Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Department of Propedêutica and Clínica Integrada, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Canela Salvador, BA, Salvador, Brazil. Institute for Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, S˜o José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.Marleny Elizabeth M.M. Gerbi, Ph.D.

90 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Effect of Laser Therapy on Bone Tissue Submitted to Radiotherapy: Experimental Study in Rats Jun 2007, Vol. 25, No. 3 : 197 -204 Samantha Seara Da Cunha, D.D.S., Ph.D.

91 Low-intensity laser irradiation stimulates bone nodule formation via insulin-like growth factor-I expression in rat calvarial cells. Shimizu N, Mayahara K, Kiyosaki T, Yamaguchi A, Ozawa Y, Abiko Y. Lasers Surg Med. 2007 Jul;39(6):551-9.

92 Laser technology in orthopedics: preliminary study on low power laser therapy to improve the bone-biomaterial interface Guzzardella GA, Torricelli P, Nicoli Aldini N, Giardino R. .Int J Artif Organs. 2001 Dec;24(12):898-902.

Safety with laser pointers

admin — Wed, 25 Mar 2009 02:14:39 +0000

Even a standard 5 mw laser pointer can do eye damage. For perspective, think about how staring at the sun can cause eye damage. Even a baby or animal won’t do this, because the body automatically takes over, and it blinks. Sorry for the ‘it’ thing, but you get the point.

Once the laser light touches body tissues, it is dispersed, and loses its coherent characteristics at a depth determined by the power level of the laser.

1. Never treat yourself with people in the room. There is no sense in someone getting flashed from an inadvertant angle or reflection from a mirror in the room.

2. Always keep a laser pointer away from children. You never know what they may do, to themselves, or another, or an animal. Keep animals out of the room because they ususally love chasing it, and why take any risk?

3. Get a laser book, it doesn’t have to be mine, but get one so you have some background, direction, and most importantly, mild to moderate dosage directions for safely using the standard 5 mw laser pointer you have.

4. Never illuminate glands with low level laser therapy, unless you are told you are experimenting on yourself, and have conservative guidance that comes from your own study.

5. Always be in good communication and consultation with your physician before and during self-treatment.

There is much for a person to know if they are going to do more than treat rheumatoid arthritis or diabetic neuropathy. Even with those diseases, as easy as they are to treat, a person needs a sensible protocol. This includes the use of a red laser pointer from Office Depot, Office Max, Staples, or any number of other stores. My protocols have a goal of less and less treatment over time.

Stroke: The latest

admin — Thu, 19 Mar 2009 03:21:18 +0000

From: http://blog.thorlaser.com/category/lllt-low-level-laser-therapy/

Stroke LLLT clinical trial on 660 patients

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February 21, 2009 on 8:34 am | In LLLT | No Comments

The outcome of Photothera’s clinical trial on 660 patients with acute ischemic stroke was presented at the American Heart Association’s International Stroke Conference in San Diego yesterday. Though results were not as good as hoped for there were some encouraging trends.

The LLLT group achieved a favourable outcome in 36.3% of patients compared to only 30.9% of patients in the placebo group at 90 days. However a post-hoc analysis of 434 patients who suffered moderate to moderately severe strokes showed a favorable outcome in 51.6% of patients in the TLT group compared to 41.9% of patients in the sham group. This 9.7% treatment effect was statistically significant (p-value 0.044). Adverse events did not differ between groups, providing evidence of the safety of LLLT.

It will be interesting to see the treatment parameters when the paper is published.

Below is the full press release

Continue reading Stroke LLLT clinical trial on 660 patients…

Diabetes and Light and You

admin — Tue, 17 Mar 2009 17:54:55 +0000

Diabetes and light therapy are coming together. This may not mean much to you, if you are not diabetic, or if you are diabetic and skeptical.

This site is for a gray area that medical science ignores. Science has lifted mankind above superstition. It has been said that a scientist is a professional skeptic. I think that is beautifully simple and true. It is wonderful that we have the disciplines of scientific research. I use scientific research extensively for my writing, but my output is not scientific. It does not pass scientific muster. I make a leap in my observations and speculations.

So why? Why do I think this is necessary? Let me give an example of engineers (who must be skeptical as well):

The links below are to sites that “Rush Limbaugh” a device which when hooked up to your circuit breaker, will save the average household with air conditioning about 10-15% on their electric bills, at least, (my best guess.) Most of the people giving their negative opinions, (“scam”, rip-off, etc..”) sound like they have degrees, or are experts. It reminds me of all the naysayers out there that think their opinion is so important that they can casually shut down an idea simply based upon their “great” intellect. The company claims to save as much as 25%.

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.engineering.electrical/msg/18127cf557294750

http://askville.amazon.com/Power-Save-1200-lower-monthly-energy-bill/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=4574892

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081004150801AA9akDO

http://www.bargaineering.com/articles/power-save-1200-recapture-your-electricity-line-loss.html

http://forums.mikeholt.com/showthread.php?t=91211

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.engineering.electrical/browse_thread/thread/4b4b600f83785cae/efa66c3a41fd35c9?pli=1

One of my degrees is an AA in Electronics, which is why I built my first lasers mentioned. I understood the basic concept of the sellers of the device, which is found at: http://www.power-save1200.com/

I bought one, and save about 15% on my electric bill. If I had taken the advice of the professional skeptics, I would not have such a cool thing going on regarding energy savings. I have no business connection with the company, (although I’ve thought about it.)

The point of this? I apply the same reasoning to health. If a method is safe, it is dumb to not try it.

Stem Cells from teeth

admin — Fri, 27 Feb 2009 03:42:32 +0000

We have recently discovered that we can extract stem cells from the pulp of a tooth:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/080827-tooth-stemcell.html

More references from the laser book: Rejuvenation

admin — Tue, 24 Feb 2009 17:57:06 +0000

Low level laser therapy

156 Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Thomas E. Anderson, PhD

Automotive Safety and Health Research NAO Research and Development Center. Good WT, Kerr

HH, Shumaker B, Bendick PJ, Nolta RG. 25-Jan-95

157 Photobiomodulation of pain in carpal tunnel syndrome: review of seven laser therapy studies.

Naeser MA.Photomed Laser Surg. 2006 Apr;24(2):101-10.

158 Eff ect of low level laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Ekim

A, Armagan O, Tascioglu F, Oner C, Colak M. Swiss Med Wkly. 2007 Jun 16;137(23-24):347-52.

159 Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome by low-level laser versus open carpal tunnel release. Lasers

Med Sci. 2007 Nov;22(4):265-70. Epub 2007 Mar 3. Elwakil TF, Elazzazi A, Shokeir H. Unit of General

Surgery, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Egypt.

160 Exocrine and endocrine testicular function during the treatment of experimental orchitis and nonspecifi

c orchoepididymitis by low- energy laser radiation. Leonid L. Reznikov Proceedings of SPIE

– Volume 2391; Laser-Tissue Interaction VI, Steven L. Jacques, Editor, May 1995, pp. 641-647;

Univ. of Colorado Health Sciences Ctr. (USA) Ludmila S. Pupkova St. Petersburg Scientifi c Research

Ctr. (Russia) H. Bell Embryology Associates, Inc. (USA) Alexander G. Murzin St. Petersburg

Scientifi c Research Ctr. (Russia)

161 Quantitative and qualitative changes of the seminiferous epithelium induced by Ga. Al. As. (830

nm) laser radiation. Taha MF, Valojerdi MR. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;34(4):352-9.

162 Effi cacy of low-intensity laser radiation and antibacterial therapy in the treatment of chronic prostatitis;

in the presence of sexually transmitted infections. Nemark AI, Khrianin AA, Safi na ON,

NeÄmark BA, Kondrateva IuS. Urologiia. 2007 May-Jun;(3):50-4, 56.

163 A method and the clinico-laboratory results of laser therapy for patients with chronic prostatitis;

Shabad AL, Redkovich VI, Safarov RM. Urol Nefrol (Mosk). 1994 Nov-Dec;(6):26-9.

164 Using AELTIS-synchro-02 device in the therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis;Orlov VN, Kozboda

AS, Kravchenko VV, Kalinina SA. Urologiia. 2006 Jul-Aug;(4):54-7.

165 Electro- laser therapy on the Iarilo device in patients with chronic chlamydial prostatitis; Tiktinski

OL, Kalinina SN, Novikova LI, Mishanin EA, Tiktinski NO. Urol Nefrol (Mosk). 1997 Jul-

Aug;(4):25-9.

166 Treatment with neodymium: YAG laser in patients with chronic prostatitis: a preliminary report.

Serel TA, Koar A, Ozturk A, Dogruer K, Taholu M, Keceliolu M. Int Urol Nephrol 1997;29(1):53-

167 Semiconductor laser rays therapy for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Prof. Guido Strada, Dr

med. Franco Gadda, Dr med. Paolo DellOrto, Dr med. Marilena Casu, Dr med. Andrea Baccalin

Department of Urology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza (Milan-Italy) Th e Journal of Laser Therapy

Millennium Edition Volumes 12 & 13

168 Effects of GaAs-lasers combined with radiotherapy on murine sarcoma depends on tumor size.

Saldo I et al. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 1989; Suppl 1:40.

169 Preoperative activation of the immune systems by low recative level laser therapy ( laser theyapy)

in oncologic patient: A preliminary report. Skobelkin OK et al. Laser Therapy. 1991;3(4):169-176

170 Noninvasive laser therapy of morbus peyronie induratio penis plastica. Miroslav Prochazka, M.

D., Karel Koci, M. D. Rehabilitation Clinic Jarov, Prague; Andrology Clinic Andromeda, Prague,

Czech Republic

171 Th e testosterone connection. S Smith. Kansas Nurse, Aug 2003

172 Proceedings of SPIE — Volume 2391; Laser-Tissue Interaction VI, Steven L. Jacques, Editor, May

1995, pp. 641-647; Exocrine and endocrine testicular function during the treatment of experimental

orchitis and nonspecifi c orchoepididymitis by low- energy laser radiation.

173 Effects of low- power laser radiation on mice immunity. E G Novoselova, O V Glushkova, D A

Cherenkov, V M Chudnovsky, E E Fesenko. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed Feb 2006

(Vol. 22, Issue 1, Pages 33-8)

174 Zinc Levels and Blood Enzyme Activities in Egyptian Male Subjects with Retarded Growth and

Sexual Development . YD Coble, R Vanreen, AR Schulert, RP Koshakji, Z Farad, JT Davis. American

Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 19, 415-421

175 Chronic infl ammation and cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2002 Feb;16(2):217-26, 229; discussion

230-2. Shacter E, Weitzman SA.Laboratory of Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation

and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4555, USA.